Dealing with serious conflict is a bit like emergency medicine. The first step is to protect the injured person from further harm. Only then can one start the treatment and then healing processes (surgery and recovery, for example). In violent conflict the first step is to get people to stop hurting each other. This is often done by putting a neutral intermediary between the fighting factions to physically keep them apart.  This is termed "peacekeeping."


Once the shooting has stopped, then political leaders will sit down to try to negotiate a political resolution to the problem--which is generally referred to as "peacemaking."


Lastly, efforts will be made to diminish the hostility and the fear among the ordinary people--this is referred to as peacebuilding.


Sometimes the order of these activities is switched around--peacekeeping may come after peacemaking, instituted as part of the settlement agreement (for example, U.S. peacemakers entered the Sinai after the negotiation of the Camp David Accords).  At other times peacebuilding can take place before peacemaking succeeds.  This happens more and more as efforts are made to reconcile the differences between citizens even when the governments cannot negotiate a settlement of their differences.




Source; International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA Peacekeeping

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